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IRELAND
 
 "Cupan Tae Ritual"
 
                                            
                                             The Shamrock
 
There's a dear little plant that grows in our Isle,
'Twas Saint Patrick himself, sure, that set it;
And the sun of his labor with pleasure did smile,
And dew from his eye often wet it.
It grows through the bog, through the brake, through the mireland,
And they call it the dear little Shamrock of Ireland!
(Irish Blessing)
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     The Irish are well known for their fondness of tea.  Ireland consumes more tea per capita than any other nation in the world, each person averaging 4 - 6 cups per day or 7 pounds a year. The Irish slang word for tea is "cha".  In Gaelic (the Irish language that evolved from the Celtic immigrants)  "cupan tae" means "cup of tea."  "Cupan tae" is often Anglicized into "cuppa" or "cuppa tay", which both mean "cupan tae" or "cup of tea".
 
 The Irish make a strong and robust cupan tae!
 
"Cupan Tae Ritual"
 
         "Tae" if often served three times a day.  At (11:00 am) "elevenses"  tea can be an informal break.  Afternoon Tae (3:00 - 5:00 PM), is often the fanciest of the three tae services.  It is often served with light foods such as scones, breads, jam, curds, and other dainties. High Tae (6:00 PM) is actually the working person's evening meal. 
    
              "Cupan Tae" Preparation and Ritual
 
 
 
WATER:  Must contain as much air as possible.  Cold water  right from the tap is best.
 
POT:  The pot (teapot) must keep the tae warm long  enough to steep for 5 minutes.
 
MILK:  Lots of it!  Irish tae is strong and is to be mixed with a lot of rich whole milk or cream (about 1/4 or 1/3 of the cup of tae should be cream).  It is customary
to pour the milk into the cup FIRST, then pour in the  tae...this is very important!
 
 
 
Mathair (pronounced maw-hirr in English - "Mother")   
      Someone is needed to pour the "tae" (male, female, young or old, anyone can be "Mathair").  If the host/hostess is busy preparing snacks or  welcoming guests , it is not customary to serve yourself.  Instead, someone needs to step in to become
become the "Mathair" and pour out and serve the tae.  It is very considerate for you to offer to the hostess, "Shall I be Mathair?"
 
"TAE":  An Irish breakfast blend tea is composed of high grown
            ceylon tea mixed with a hearty Assam tea. The Irish enjoy
            drinking this strong blend of black "tae" all day long.
              
MAKING THE TAE:  Warm the pot.  Using one heaping
                                 teaspoon of loose tae per cup of water
                                 and then "add one extra for the pot". 
                                 Steep tae for 5 minutes, keep warm and
                                 serve.
 
RITUAL:  Each Irish "cupan tae" ritual is unique to the host
                or hostess.  Sweets & treats can be served and
                consist of a variety of texture, colors and flavors
                which compliment the "tae". The main purpose of
                this ritual, is to share special time with family and
                friends.  A person can make it as simple or as
                complicated as they wish, but the main element
                is to enjoy each other's company with a friendly
                cupan tae!
                                                    ***
  
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                                  Irish facts and folklore
 
* The capital city of Ireland is Dublin. Ireland is also known
    as the Emerald Isle because it is famous for its lush
    green hills.
 
* The Irish (Gaelic) word for Ireland is Eire.  The Irish
   (Gaelic) language evolved from Celtic immigrants
    around 600 BC.
 
* The first people to bring the English language to Ireland
    were the Normans.  English was adopted as the main 
    language starting from the 18th Century. 
 
   
* In 432 AD St. Patrick arrived in Ireland from Britain to convert
the pagan Gaelic Kings to Christianity. 
Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated on March 17th as a  National 
holiday.
 
* The word "shamrock" comes from Gaelic for "little
clover."  It is said that St. Patrick used the shamrock to explain
the concept of the Holy Trinity, and the shamrock is still used as a good-luck symbol today.
 
* Irish monasteries were centers of learning where monks
   produced hand-illustrated manuscripts, like the Book
   of Kells, which was written around 800 AD.
 
* King Henry VIII, of England, was the first English
   monarch to declare himself King of Ireland in 1541 AD.    
 
* The Irish Parliament was granted independence from
    England in 1782 AD.
 
* The Irish flag has three vertical stripes in green, white
    and orange.  The green color represents the native
    Gaelic people (most of whom are Roman Catholic
    Christians), the orange color  represents the British
    supporters of William of Orange who settled in Northern
    Ireland in the 17th century (most of whom are
    Protestant Christians), and the white color in the middle
    represents the peace between these two groups.
 
* Irish legends, tales and folklore are an essential part
   of the Irish culture.  There are references to the fact that
   oral story telling held such an important part of Gaelic
   Ireland, that a "poet" was considered a "guardian of
   knowledge".
 
* Irish folklore includes characters such as: leprechauns,
   sidhe (fairies), selkies (seals by day & human by night),
   and merrow (mermaids). 
 
*Legend has it, that the Tuatha De Dannan (which is Gaelic
  for the Tribe of the Goddess Dana),were  ancient rulers of
  Ireland for close to 200 years before the Celts.  They had
  powerful magic, but were banished underground and
  emerged years later as dwarfed men (the Leprechauns
   and Fir Darrigs).  
 
 *The Leprechauns were descendants of the Tuatha De  Danann. The Gaelic translation of the word Leprechaun  is shoemaker. They live alone and make tiny shoes for the Sidhe (fairies).  They are famous for their hidden pots of gold.  You must catch them and make them tell  where they have hidden the pot of gold.  It is legend  that Leprechauns love to play tricks and torment greedy  people!
 
*The Blarney Stone:  People from around the world travel
to the Blarney castle to hang upside down to reach under
a parapet where the Blarney stone is located.  It is said that whoever kisses the Blarney stone will receive the eternal gift of eloquence (in Gaelic "solabharthact" translated to "the gift of gab").  The word blarney has come to mean to placate with soft talk or to deceive without offending.  Legend has it that in the late 16th
century, a builder of the Blarney castle, named Cormac
MacDermot MacCarthy, often sweet talked the Lord President
of Munster giving reasons and  excuses for the unfilled promises of completing the castle on time. This became known as "Blarney talk".
 
          *The Claddagh:      The hands are for friendship
                                                   The heart is for love
                                              And the crown is for loyalty
                                                       Held high above.
 
 
     According to 16th century Irish folklore, a fishing boat from the village of Claddagh was was captured by Algerian pirates and the crew was sold into slavery.  One of the crew was a young man named Richard Joyce, who was supposed to be married the same week he was captured.   Richard was sold to a wealthy Moorish  goldsmith, who taught him the trade and he eventually designed a ring of special significance: a ring that known as "the claddagh ring".  It has hands became for friendship, a crown for loyalty, and a heart for love.
        Years went by, and Richard never forgot his
   sweetheart. Somehow, he managed to escape and
   return to Claddagh, Ireland.  He discovered that his
   sweetheart never married.  They wed immediately and
   the ring he gave her was the one he desinged and made
   while in slavery.  Over the years, the desging became
   very popular as a betrothal or wedding ring and even a
   friendship ring.
                                         
                                               ***
 
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  Reference material from: www.seedsofknowledge.com, www.nct.carleton.ca/bj333/homepage.tea,
 
 
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